Kulendzaba
- Luphawu lwekucala: buchwepheshe abusasekelwa ngumtfengisi
- Timphawu telwati: ngubani loyivako, futsi isebenta ngani
- Timphawu tekuhlanganisa nekushesha: sistimu yehlisa ijubane lenkampani
- Kunini kungakafaneli kuvuselela
- Umbono wa-Origami
- Umsebenti waleliviki: nika sistimu ngayinye emaphuzu kuze kufike ku-8
- Lokutako
- Imitfombo
Sistimu yakho lendala idzinga kuvuselelwa nangabe ikhombisa lunye noma letinyenti kuletimphawu: buchwepheshe bayo abusasekelwa ngumtfengisi, iviwa ngumuntfu munye kuphela noma likhontrakta linye, ifinyelela ema-invoyisi e-elekthroniki, emabhange noma ema-app lamasha ngekukhishwa kwemafayela ngetandla kuphela, noma lonkhe lushintjo loluncane lutsatsa emaviki. Sibonelo, kusekelwa lokwandzisiwe kwe-SQL Server 2014 kwaphela nguKholwane 2024, futsi kusekelwa kwe-.NET 8 ne-.NET 9 kuphela mhla ziyi-10 Lweti 2026, ngekusho kwa-Microsoft. Nangabe sistimu iyatinza, ihlukanisiwe futsi ishibhile kuyigcina, sincumo lesifanele kungaba kulindza.
Encenyeni 1 yaloluchungechunge ubhale luhlu lwemasistimu libhizinisi lakho lelingeke lisebente ngaphandle kwawo nalilanga linye. Nyalo sibuta ngayinye: ingabe ngempela idzinga kuvuselelwa?
Luphawu lwekucala: buchwepheshe abusasekelwa ngumtfengisi
Wonkhe umkhicito lowutsengako noma lowakhela kuwo unelusuku lapho kusekelwa kuphela khona. Ngemuva kwalelo langa umtfengisi akakhiphi kulungiswa lokusha kwekuphepha, ngako-ke nobe nguyiphi imbobo yekuphepha letfolakala ngemuva ihlala ivulekile kusistimu yakho. Umbuto wekucala kuyo yonkhe sistimu ngulona: yakhiwe ngabuphi buchwepheshe, futsi kusekelwa kwabo kuphela nini? Letibonelo tivela emakhasini a-Microsoft ekuphila kwemikhicito, futsi tingulobunye bebuchwepheshe lobuvame kakhulu ngaphansi kwemasistimu emabhizinisi:
| Buchwepheshe | Kuyini, ngalokulula | Kuphela kwekusekelwa |
|---|---|---|
| Windows Server 2012 R2 | Sistimu yekusebentisa iseva | Kusekelwa lokwandzisiwe kwaphela nguMphala 2023; umnyaka wesitsatfu we-Extended Security Updates letikhokhelwako waphela nguMphala 2026 |
| SQL Server 2014 | Sizinda selwati (database) lesigcina idatha yesistimu | Kusekelwa lokwandzisiwe kwaphela nguKholwane 2024; tibuyeketo tekuphepha letikhokhelwako tichubeka kuze kube nguKholwane 2027 |
| .NET 8 ne-.NET 9 | Inkhundla ya-Microsoft lokwakhelwe kuyo isoftware leminyenti yemabhizinisi | Kusekelwa kuphela mhla ziyi-10 Lweti 2026 |
| .NET 10 | Inguculo yamanje yaleyo nkhundla | Isekelwa kuze kube nguLweti 2028 |
Imitfombo: emakhasi a-Microsoft e-Windows Server 2012 R2, SQL Server 2014 kanye ne-.NET. Naka kutsi kuphuma ekusekelweni akusho kutsi sistimu itawuma kusasa. Kusho kutsi ingoti iyakhula njalo ngenyanga, futsi tibuyeketo tekuphepha letikhokhelwako tikunika sikhatsi sekuhlela; atisisusi sincumo.
Timphawu telwati: ngubani loyivako, futsi isebenta ngani
- Iviwa ngumuntfu munye kuphela. Nangabe konkhe kulungiswa kulindze sisebenti sinye noma umtfutfukisi munye wangaphandle, sistimu yakho incike etikhatsini takhe tekuphumula nasekusuleni kwakhe emsebentini. Lolu ngiluphawu loluyingoti kakhulu, ngobe aluveli kunoma nguwuphi umbiko kuze kube kungabikhona kwakhe sekwentekile.
- Kute lonesibindzi sekutsintsa umshini. Iseva lesekamelweni laseceleni wonkhe umuntfu lowatiko kutsi akufanele icalwe kabusha, lenetincenye tekushintja letingasatfengiswa. Nangabe yema, libhizinisi liyema, futsi kute lesikhundla lesilungile.
- Yikhodi kuphela leyati imitsetfo yebhizinisi. Kutsi sephulelo, ikhomishini noma imvume kubalwa njani kuhlala kusoftware kuphela, kute lidokhumenti lelikuchazako. Loko ngikona lesitakukukhipha nge-AI encenyeni 4.
Timphawu tekuhlanganisa nekushesha: sistimu yehlisa ijubane lenkampani
- Ayikhoni kuxhumana nema-invoyisi e-elekthroniki ngaphandle kwemacebo ekuhlehlisa. Ngekusho kwelikhasi letigaba tekwetfulwa kwema-invoyisi e-elekthroniki laSiphatsimandla Se-Zakat, Intsela Nemakhastomu (ZATCA), sigaba sekucala sacala mhla ziyi-4 Ingongoni 2021, futsi sigaba sekuhlanganisa nemasistimu e-ZATCA sacala mhla ziyi-1 Bhimbidvwane 2023 ngemaliva, lapho libhizinisi ngalinye licwayiswa kusasele tinyanga letisitfupha ngaphambi kweliva lalo. Nangabe sistimu yakho ingakhipha i-invoyisi lehambisana nemitsetfo kuphela ngeluhlelo lolungumlamuli noma ngemsebenti wetandla, fundza umhlahlandlela wetfu ngeLiva 25 nekuhlanganisa ne-ZATCA.
- Emabhange nema-app adzinga kukhishwa kwemafayela ngetandla. Lotsite ukhipha lifayela kusistimu onkhe malanga kute alilayishe ebhange, esitolo se-inthanethi noma enkhundleni yekulethwa kwetimphahla. Lonkhe linyatselo lelentiwa ngetandla lilitfuba lelinye lekwenta liphutsa nekulahlekelwa sikhatsi.
- Lushintjo lolulula lutsatsa emaviki. Kungeta inkhundla yelwati, umbiko noma lushintjo lwentsengo kusho sicelo bese kuba kulindza, ngobe nobe nguluphi lushintjo lungaphula lenye incenye lekute loyivako.
- Imibiko yakhiwa kabusha ku-Excel njalo ngenyanga. Nangabe licembu lakho likhipha idatha bese liyihlela kabusha ngetandla kute libone kutsi kwentekani, sistimu igcina idatha kodvwa ayiyiphendvuli imibuto yakho. Futsi nangabe sistimu yakho yangempela kusukela ekucaleni iyi-spreadsheet, cala nga-nini i-spreadsheet iyekela kuba yimphendvulo.
Kunini kungakafaneli kuvuselela
Kuvuselela akusiyo inhloso ngekwako, futsi lamanye emasistimu lamadala kufanele ahlale anjalo sikhashana. Kulindza kungaba kukhetsa lokuncono nangabe lemibandzela igcwaliseka ndzawonye:
- Iyatinza: seyiphile sikhatsi lesidze ingakaba nekwehluleka lokukhulu, futsi akuvamile kutsi udzinge kuyishintja.
- Ihlukanisiwe: ayixhunyiwe ku-inthanethi futsi ayidzingi kukhulumisana nalamanye emasistimu, ngako-ke ingoti yetimbobo tekuphepha iphansi.
- Ishibhile kuyigcina: iviwa bantfu labangetulu kwamunye, futsi kuyinakekela kudla imali lencane noma sikhatsi lesincane.
- Itawushintjwa noma kunjalo: nangabe usetawuya emkhicitweni lowentiwe kakade masinyane, ungatfutseli ekuvuseleleni sistimu lesekhatsi itawuphumula.
Kuleso simo sincumo lesifanele kuyibuka: bhala kutsi buchwepheshe bayo buphuma nini ekusekelweni, ciniseka kutsi kukhona likhophi lekulondvoloza lelisebentako, futsi ubhale kutsi yentani. Nawuncuma kuvuselela ngemuva, sayichaza indlela lephephile emhlahlandleleni wetfu wekuvuselela emasistimu lamadala ngaphandle kwekuma kwemsebenti.
Umbono wa-Origami
Sakha emasistimu nekuhlanganiswa futsi sivuselela lamadala, kodvwa intfo yekucala lesiyentako kunoma nguyiphi sistimu lendala kubuta kutsi kungani kufanele ivuselelwe nhlobo. Sistimu leseyiphatse inkampani iminyaka leminyenti ifanelwe yinhlonipho, futsi emasistimu lamanyenti adzinga kuhlanganiswa lokusha noma kubhalwa kahle emadokhumentini kunekwakhiwa kabusha.
Ngako-ke sicala ngekuhlola sistimu ngayinye ngekusekelwa, lwati, kuhlanganiswa kanye nekushesha kwelushintjo, bese siphakamisa linyatselo lelincane kakhulu leliyehlisa ingoti, kungaba kuhlanganiswa, kufudvukela kulenye indzawo noma kubhalwa kabusha ngelusito lwe-AI lapho lonjiniyela abuketa wonkhe umugca. Nangabe ufuna umbono ngemasistimu akho, buka tinsita tetfu.
Umsebenti waleliviki: nika sistimu ngayinye emaphuzu kuze kufike ku-8
Tsatsa luhlu lwemasistimu lowalubhala encenyeni 1 bese unika ngayinye emaphuzu kusuka ku-0 kuya ku-2 kuyo yonkhe imigcamo lemine, lapho 0 kusho kute inkinga, 1 inkinga lencane, kantsi 2 inkinga lecacile:
- Kusekelwa: buchwepheshe bayo busasekelwa yini? (2 nangabe kusekelwa sekuphelile noma kutawuphela ngekuhamba kwemnyaka)
- Ingoti yelwati: bangakhi bantfu labayivako? (2 nangabe ngumuntfu munye noma ngumtfengisi munye)
- Kuhlanganiswa: iyaxhumana yini nekukhishwa kwema-invoyisi, emabhange nalamanye emasistimu ngaphandle kwemsebenti wetandla? (2 nangabe kuxhumana kwentiwa ngetandla)
- Kushesha kwelushintjo: lushintjo lolulula lutsatsa sikhatsi lesingakanani? (2 nangabe lutsatsa emaviki)
Leli lithulusi lekuhlela ngekubaluleka, akusilo licala lekugcina: sistimu letfola emaphuzu langu-6 kulangu-8 noma ngetulu ifanelwe kuhlelwa nyalo, 3 kuya ku-5 kusho kutsi uyibuke bese ubeka lusuku lwekuyihlola kabusha, kantsi 0 kuya ku-2 kusho kutsi uyiyekele isebente. Nobe nguyiphi sistimu letfola 2 ngengoti yelwati yodvwa idzinga kubhalwa emadokhumentini ngekushesha, nobe ingakanani emaphuzu ayo onkhe.
Lokutako
Nyalo unaluhlu lwemasistimu kanye nemaphuzu ayo yonkhe. Encenyeni 3 sigucula loluhlu lube luhlu lwempahla lolugcwele: ngubani umnikati wesistimu ngayinye, ngubani loyisebentisako, igcina iphi idatha nekutsi ifaka yini idatha yemuntfu siciniso, ixhumene nani, yini letawuphuka nangabe yema, nekutsi emalayisensi ayo avuselelwa nini, bese kulandzela kukhetsa lokuhlanu kuyo yonkhe sistimu: kuyigcina, kuyiphumulisa, kuyishintja ngemkhicito lowentiwe kakade, kuyisa ku-cloud injengobe injalo, noma kuyakha kabusha.
Imitfombo
- Microsoft: kuphila kwe-Windows Server 2012 R2 — kuphela kwekusekelwa lokwandzisiwe kanye neminyaka ye-Extended Security Updates letikhokhelwako.
- Microsoft: kuphila kwe-SQL Server 2014 — kusekelwa lokwandzisiwe kwaphela nguKholwane 2024; tibuyeketo letikhokhelwako kuze kube nguKholwane 2027.
- Microsoft: kuphila kwe-.NET — kusekelwa kwe-.NET 8 ne-.NET 9 kuphela nguLweti 2026; .NET 10 kuze kube nguLweti 2028.
- ZATCA: tigaba tekwetfulwa kwema-invoyisi e-elekthroniki — sigaba sekucala mhla ziyi-4 Ingongoni 2021; sigaba sekuhlanganisa kusukela mhla ziyi-1 Bhimbidvwane 2023 ngemaliva.
- AWS Transform: likhasi lelisemtsetfweni lensita — sibonelo sencenye 1 sekuvuselela ngelusito lwe-AI.
Imibuto lejwayelekile
Ngingati njani kutsi sistimu yami lendala idzinga kuvuselelwa?
Hlola tintfo letine: kutsi buchwepheshe bayo busasekelwa yini ngumtfengisi, kutsi bangakhi bantfu labayivako, kutsi iyaxhumana yini nema-invoyisi e-elekthroniki kanye nemabhange ngaphandle kwemsebenti wetandla, nekutsi lushintjo loluncane lutsatsa sikhatsi lesingakanani. Luphawu lunye loluchachile mayelana nekusekelwa noma lwati lwanele kutsi ucale kuhlela.
Ingabe kuphela kwekusekelwa kusho kutsi sistimu yami itawuyekela kusebenta?
Cha. Sistimu ichubeka isebenta, kodvwa umtfengisi uyayekela kukhipha kulungiswa lokusha kwekuphepha, ngako-ke nobe nguyiphi imbobo yekuphepha letfolakala ngemuva ihlala ivulekile. Leminye imikhicito inikeza tibuyeketo tekuphepha letikhokhelwako, njenge-SQL Server 2014 kuze kube nguKholwane 2027, kodvwa tikutfengela sikhatsi sekuhlela kuphela.
Kunini lapho kuncono khona kungayivuseleli sistimu lendala?
Nangabe iyatinza, ihlukanisiwe ne-inthanethi kanye nalamanye emasistimu, ishibhile kuyinakekela futsi iviwa bantfu labangetulu kwamunye, noma nawusetawuyishintja masinyane ngemkhicito lowentiwe kakade. Kuleso simo, yibuke, uyibhale emadokhumentini futsi ugcine likhophi lekulondvoloza (backup) lelisebentako.
Nguluphi luphawu loluyingoti kakhulu kusistimu lendala?
Kutsi iviwa ngumuntfu munye kuphela noma ngumtfengisi munye wangaphandle. Leyo ngoti ayiveli kunoma nguwuphi umbiko kuze kube lowo muntfu sewahamba, ngako-ke ifanelwe kubhalwa emadokhumentini ngekushesha nobe ungakancumi kuvuselela.
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