Mhla ti-19 iMphala 2026, emalangeni lasiphohlongo kusukela nyalo, sitifiketi sekugcina se-Secure Boot (kucala lokuvikelekile) lesakhishwa yi-Microsoft nga-2011 siyaphelelwa sikhatsi: lesi lesisayina luhlelo lwekucala lwe-Windows ngekwalo. I-PC lengakatitfoli titifiketi letinsha ta-2023 itawuchubeka isebenta futsi ichubeke ifaka tibuyeketo te-Windows letijwayelekile, kodvwa i-Microsoft itsi kulungiswa lokusha kwebutsakatsaka besigaba sekucala ngeke kusafika kuyo. Kuhlola akudzingi ngcweti: kulenye nalenye i-PC, vula i-app ye-Windows Security, uye ku-Device security, bese uya ku-Secure Boot, ufundze umlayeto, hhayi nje umbala welupawu.

Yini kanye kanye leyiphelelwa sikhatsi, futsi nini?

I-Secure Boot yindlela ye-firmware leyetfulwa yi-Microsoft ne-Windows 8. Nangabe umshini uvulwa, iyahlola kutsi lonkhe luhlelo lolusebenta ngaphambi kwe-Windows lusayinwe ngulotsenjwako, futsi loku kuvimba i-malware letifaka esigabeni sekucala (ema-bootkit). Loku kuhlola kuncike etitifiketini tedijithali letigcinwe edivayisini, tonkhe takhishwa nga-2011 futsi tonkhe tinelusuku lwekuphelelwa sikhatsi. Ngekusho kwe-likhasi lelisemtsetfweni le-Microsoft mayelana netitifiketi letiphelelwa sikhatsi:

Sitifiketi lesidzalaLusuku lwekuphelelwa sikhatsiLoko lesikwentako
Microsoft Corporation KEK CA 201124 iNhlaba 2026Sisayina tibuyeketo teluhlu lwetinhlelo tekucala letivumelekile naletivinjiwe
Microsoft UEFI CA 201127 iNhlaba 2026Sisayina ema-loader ekucala etinkampani letingaphandle kanye ne-firmware yemakhadi lengetiwako
Microsoft Windows Production PCA 201119 iMphala 2026Sisayina luhlelo lwekucala lwe-Windows

Ngako-ke letimbili taphelelwa sikhatsi ngeNhlaba, kantsi sesitsatfu, lesibaluleke kakhulu kuma-PC e-Windows, sesisele liviki linye. Letitintjintja tinelusuku lwa-2023, futsi emafayela ato asatjalaliswa etibuyeketweni letihlanganisiwe kusukela mhla ti-13 iNkhwekhweti 2025. Kodvwa kufika esibuyeketweni akusho kutsi setibhaliwe edivayisini: i-Microsoft itifaka ngekutentekela emishinini leminyenti, kantsi leminye idzinga sinyatselo lesivela ku-IT noma sibuyeketo se-firmware lesivela kumkhiciti.

Kwenteka ini ku-PC lengabuyeketwanga?

Ngeke ime mhla ti-20 iMphala, futsi tinhlelo takho ngeke tiphuke. Likhasi le-Microsoft mayelana nekutsi kwenteka ini nangabe titifiketi tiphelelwa sikhatsi litsi idivayisi itawuvuleka njengesimanje, tibuyeketo te-Windows letijwayelekile titawuchubeka, futsi kuphenya i-inthanethi, ema-app kanye nenethiwekhi kutawuhlala kunjalo. Loko lokuyekako ngulokulandzelako:

  • Tibuyeketo te-Windows Boot Manager.
  • Tibuyeketo teluhlu lwekuhoxisa, loluvimba tinhlelo tekucala letatiwa kutsi tiyingoti.
  • Kulungiswa kwebutsakatsaka lobusandza kutfolakala emkhatsini wekucala, kufaka ekhatsi tindlela tekuvimbela kwedlulwa kwe-BitLocker.

Ingoti ayiboniswa ngelilanga lekucala. Iyakhula ngabo bonkhe butsakatsaka bekucala lobutfolakala ngemuva kwalelo langa lokulungiswa kwabo kungakaze kufike emishinini yakho. Lamaphutsa abucayi ngenca yekutsi i-malware lesebenta ngaphambi kwe-Windows iphindze isebente ngaphambi kwe-antivirus yakho.

Uyihlola njani i-PC yinye ngeliminithi linye?

Kusukela ngaMabasa 2026 i-app ye-Windows Security ikhombisa simo setitifiketi, ngekusho kwe-likhasi le-Microsoft mayelana nesimo sesibuyeketo ku-app ye-Windows Security. Vula i-app, uye ku-Device security, bese uya ku-Secure Boot, ufundze umlayeto. Nakhu loko lokushiwo ngulowo nalowo:

  • Tonkhe tibuyeketo tetitifiketi letidzingekako setifakiwe: umshini ulungile futsi kute lokudzingekako. I-Microsoft iyecwayisa kutsi luphawu loluluhlata lodvwa akusibo bufakazi, ngako fundza umbhalo.
  • Idivayisi isebentisa kuhleleka kwekwetsembeka lokudzala lokufanele kubuyeketwe: faka tibuyeketo te-Windows tamuva, uvule kabusha, bese uyacinisekisa kutsi umshini uxhumene ne-inthanethi.
  • Idivayisi ayisisekeli sibuyeketo lesitentakalelako ngenca yemikhawulo ye-hardware noma ye-firmware: udzinga sibuyeketo lesivela kumkhiciti.
  • Idivayisi ayisakwati kutfola tibuyeketo letidzingekako ekucaleni kwe-Windows: sitifiketi lesidzala sesiphelelwe sikhatsi futsi umshini awuzange ubuyeketwe. Loku kudzinga kunakwa ngekushesha.

Nangabe kukhona lowo lowesebentisa i-PowerShell ethimini lakho, umyalo Confirm-SecureBootUEFI efasiteleni lelinemalungelo laphakeme ubuyisa True nangabe lendlela ivuliwe. Nangabe ivaliwe, umshini ungaphandle kwalesi sibuyeketo sonkhe, futsi i-Microsoft itsi uhlala usengotini ye-malware yesigaba sekucala.

Ngumiphi imishini enkampanini yakho lengasala emuva kakhulu?

I-Microsoft itama kubuyeketa titifiketi ngekutentekela emishinini leyiphatsako neyitfumelela idatha yekuhlola, kodvwa likhasi layo lemibuto levame kubutwa lisho ngalokucacile kutsi ekugcineni umtfwalo usemkhatsini welikhasimende. Leti timo lapho sibuyeketo singafiki khona, tihlelwe kubhizinisi lelincane noma lelimaphakatsi:

  • Ema-PC e-Windows 10 langenato Tibuyeketo Tekuvikeleka Letelulekile (ESU): i-Microsoft itsi tinguculo te-Windows letisekelwako kuphela leti titfola titifiketi letinsha. Hlola kutsi lama-PC akuyiphi simo esihlokweni setfu mayelana nekuphela kwekusekelwa kwe-Windows 10 kuma-PC ebhizinisi.
  • Imishini lengemuva kwe-firewall levimba idatha yekuhlola: nangabe inethiwekhi yakho ivimba lena idatha kutsi ifike ku-Microsoft, sibuyeketo lesitentakalelako singase singafiki nanini.
  • I-hardware lendzala: letinye timodeli tidzinga sibuyeketo se-firmware lesivela kumkhiciti, lesingase sibe khona kuphela kumadivayisi lasesesikhatsini sawo sekusekelwa. I-Microsoft ibutsa ema-link etinkampani letikhicitako ekhasini linye.
  • Ema-server nemishini ye-virtual: i-Windows Server 2016 kuya ku-2025 iphakatsi kwetinguculo letimbozwako. Umshini we-virtual udzinga inkhundla lesekela leti tibuyeketo tetitifiketi, njenge-Hyper-V, VMware, Azure noma AWS, noma sibuyeketo lesivela kulowo lohlinzeka ngenkhundla.
  • Ema-terminal ekutsengisa, tikrini tetimphawu kanye nema-PC ekusebenta: angasebenta emaviki ngaphandle kwekuvulwa kabusha, kantsi sinyatselo sekugcina sesibuyeketo siphela kuphela ngemuva kwekuvulwa kabusha.

Emaphutsa lamatsatfu lokufanele uwagweme

  • Ungayivali i-Secure Boot kute sixwayiso sinyamalale. I-Microsoft itsi kuyivala akusiyo indlela yekuphuma: kususa kuvikeleka kuma-malware ekucala futsi kudala tingoti letinsha tekuvikeleka netekulandzela imitsetfo.
  • Ungayibuyiseli i-BIOS etilungiselelweni tasefektri ngemuva kwesibuyeketo ngaphandle kwekutsi umkhiciti uyibuyeketile i-firmware. Nangabe i-Windows seyivele yashintjela kumphatsi wekucala losayinwe ngesitifiketi sa-2023, futsi tilungiselelo tasefektri atimfaki, i-PC itawala kuvuleka futsi itawudzinga i-USB yekubuyisela kute ilungiswe.
  • Ungasisusi sixwayiso lesibovu ngenkinobho yekwemukela ingoti. Lendlela ikhona futsi idzinga emalungelo emphatsi, kodvwa ifihla inkinga ngaphandle kwekuyixazulula.

Tindzaba letimnandzi: kuphutelwa lusuku akuwuvali umnyango. I-Microsoft itsi tibuyeketo letiphetse titifiketi letinsha tisengafakwa nangemuva kwekutsi letidzala setiphelelwe sikhatsi, nangabe umshini uyavuleka futsi wemukela tibuyeketo.

Lihlelo leliviki linye ngaphambi kwamhla ti-19 iMphala

  1. Lilanga 1: bhala luhlu lwayo yonkhe imishini ye-Windows: ema-desktop, ema-laptop, ema-server, ema-terminal ekutsengisa kanye nemishini ye-virtual, kanye nemkhiciti, imodeli nenguculo ye-Windows.
  2. Emalanga 2 na-3: hlola ngamunye ku-app ye-Windows Security, noma ucele i-IT kutsi ibutse simo ngekutentekela ngelithulusi lekuphatsa leselivele ilisebentisa, njenge-Intune.
  3. Lilanga 4: faka tibuyeketo te-Windows tamuva kuwo wonkhe umshini losele emuva, bese uwuvula kabusha. Umsebenti wesibuyeketo usebenta njalo ngemuva kwema-awa la-12, futsi sinyatselo sawo sekugcina silindza kuvulwa kabusha.
  4. Lilanga 5: emishinini lebika kutsi ayikwati kwemukela sibuyeketo lesitentakalelako, faka sibuyeketo se-firmware lesivela kuwebhusayithi yemkhiciti.
  5. Emalanga 6 na-7: bhala loko lokusele: ema-PC e-Windows 10 langambozwa, kanye ne-hardware lengaphandle kwekusekelwa ngumkhiciti. Lokhu kungena elihlelweni lakho lekushintja, futsi sabhala mayelana nekushintja emadivayisi enkampani ngekulandzela kubaluleka esikhundleni sekuwashintja onkhe kanyekanye.

Umbono we-Origami

Lesi sibuyeketo lesingakaze sivele esikrinini futsi lesingashintji lutfo elangeni lekusebenta, futsi yiso leso sizatfu lesenta emabhizinisi lamanyenti asiphutse. Umshini longakabuyeketwa ubukeka uphile kahle ngalokuphelele, futsi umehluko uvela kuphela nangabe kutfolakala liphutsa lekucala lelisha futsi kulungiswa kwalo kungakhoni kufika kulowo mshini. Libhizinisi lelingenalo luhlu lwemadivayisi alo ngeke lati kutsi ngumaphi lasele asengotini.

Nangabe inhlangano yakho ingaphansi kwe-Tilawuli Letisisekelo Tekuvikeleka Kwe-cyber ECC-2:2024 taSigungu Savelonkhe Sekuvikeleka Kwe-cyber (NCA), letimboza tikhungo tahulumende, tinkampani tato, kanye netikhungo temkhakha lotimele letiniketele, letisebentisa noma letibamba ingcalasizinda lebalulekile yavelonkhe, silawuli 2-3-3-3 sidzinga kuphatfwa kwema-patch etinhlelweni, kuma-application nasemadivayisini, futsi i-NCA ikhutsata kakhulu leminye yonkhe inhlangano kutsi isebentise tilawuli letifanako. Umshini loyekele kutfola luhlobo lonkhe lwekulungiswa uyimbobo kulokuphatfwa kwema-patch, ngisho nome tonkhe letinye tibuyeketo tihamba ngesikhatsi.

Siphetfo

Unesikhatsi kuze kube mhla ti-19 iMphala 2026 kute uqinisekise kutsi umshini ngamunye we-Windows enkampanini yakho uphetse titifiketi ta-2023. Vula i-app ye-Windows Security kuwo ngamunye ufundze umlayeto, faka tibuyeketo bese uvula kabusha, tfola sibuyeketo se-firmware lapho sidzingeka khona, futsi ungalokotsi uyivale i-Secure Boot. Loko lokungeke kubuyeketwe kungena elihlelweni lekushintja. Nangabe udzinga lotawubala emadivayisi akho futsi alandzelele simo sawo, xhumana natsi.

Imitfombo